1. Document Preparation and Alignment

• Feeding Mechanism: The machine first accepts a stack of pre-collated documents (paper, cardstock, etc.) via an automatic feeder. Adjustable guides (width and length) align the documents to ensure the punching edge is uniform, preventing misalignment in later stages.
• Thickness Detection (Optional): Advanced models may include sensors to detect the document thickness. This data helps the machine automatically adjust settings (e.g., coil size selection or punching force) for optimal results, though some models require manual input of thickness.

2. Automated Punching

• Punching Die Activation: Once aligned, the document stack is fed into the punching station. A motorized mechanism drives a set of hardened steel punch pins (arranged in a fixed pattern, typically 4:1 pitch for 4 holes per inch, or 3:1 for thicker materials) through the paper edge.
• Hole Pattern Consistency: The punch pins are precision-aligned to create evenly spaced, clean holes. The pattern matches the spiral coil’s pitch (distance between coils), ensuring the coil can thread through smoothly later.
• Waste Removal: As holes are punched, paper scraps (chads) are collected in a built-in tray or vacuum system, preventing jams and keeping the machine clean.

3. Spiral Coil Feeding and Cutting

• Coil Loading: Spiral coils (continuous plastic or metal strips with a helical shape) are loaded onto a coil holder, often a spindle or reel. The machine feeds the coil into a cutting mechanism.
• Length Measurement: Based on the document size (e.g., A4, letter) or pre-set parameters, the machine measures and cuts the coil to the exact length needed to cover the document’s binding edge. This ensures no excess coil remains, maintaining a neat finish.